AVANÇOS NA INTERSEÇÃO ENTRE DIABETES TIPO 3, TRATAMENTO METABÓLICO, SINTOMAS NEUROPSIQUIÁTRICOS DE ALZHEIMER E DIAGNÓSTICO POR BIOMARCADORES

Abstract

Over the past twenty years, significant advances have been made at the intersection of type 3 diabetes (T3D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially with regard to neuropsychiatric symptoms, metabolic treatments, brain PET F-FDG diagnostics, and the understanding the pathophysiology of T3D. The neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD, which include changes in behavior and cognition, are increasingly associated with brain metabolic dysfunction, exacerbated by insulin resistance and inflammation. Treatment of T3D has been explored with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs, with evidence suggesting that these treatments can slow the progression of AD by modulating common pathological mechanisms. Brain PET with F-FDG has established itself as a valuable tool to evaluate brain metabolism and identify characteristic patterns of hypometabolism associated with AD, complementing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, such as Aβ 1-42, tTau and pTau, which help confirm the presence of amyloid deposits and tauistic changes. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of T3D highlights dysfunction in insulin signaling and changes in lipid metabolism, which contribute to neurodegeneration, reinforcing the need for integrated therapeutic approaches that consider these interrelated mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and personalized treatment to improve the quality of life of patients at risk for or diagnosed with AD.